FINAL essay #1

George Washington is frequently called the father of America but Washington was in the french and Indian he failed as a leader.

But then years later in the Revolution Washington ends the war and wins over the British. One of the decisive move that Washington pulls on the British is sneaking up to the Heshens by crossing the Delaware river really early Christmas morning while the Heshens were sleeping off the fun filled Christmas eve. During this invasion Washington and his men killed a lot of Heshens but Captured a lot more thus hindering the British army.

Before this memorable event happened Washington made a big mistake he was fighting the British and he backed on to peninsula a land mass surrounded by water on three sides with the British army in front and the British navy the war almost ended right there but some how Washington escaped and he learned from his mistake and the war went on.

After the war was over the colonies became the united states and made Washington the first President.

Valley Forge Letter Assignment

I'm somebody writing from valley forge but I'm from the new york Colonies. I signed up a year ago because new york is an extremely boring place and i wanted to get away from the big boring city that is new york. The revolution that is slowly building substance like a snow ball being rolled in the snow even the smallest snow ball can become a huge avalanche. If we the colonist don't give a decisive blow to the crown I'll have no choice but to leave after my enlistments is up.

Valley forge is a place where people with a miner cut can become infected in a period of hours and end up dieing a few days later.

Being with Washington is not as exciting as it is made to sound like yes he's a great "leader" but all we have been doing is running from the British with Washington's tail between his legs.

I'm really considering not re listing if Washington doesn't give a major strike against the British and stop running like a little girl.

exam essay #2

the colonist rebelled because the Britain government tax them constantly with out representation.

BENEDICT ARNOLD

Benedict Arnold- benedict arnold was born Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut Died June 14, 1801 in London, england.

One of history's best-known traitors, Benedict Arnold was a successful general from Connecticut during the American Revolutionary War

Arnold also volunteered in three campaigns of the French and Indian War (1754-63), but deserted to be with his dying mother.

Remembered mainly as a mercenary traitor during the American independence war, Arnold was also one of the ablest commanders on either side. He led from the front and was twice seriously wounded doing so.

Upon learning of André's capture, Benedict Arnold escaped down the Hudson River to the British sloop-of-war Vulture, narrowly avoiding capture by the forces of General Washington who had departed for West Point immediately upon learning of Arnold's plan. Arnold received a commission as a Brigadier General in the British Army, a good annual pension of £360, and a lump sum of about 17 times that amount.

i think that the solders didn't go with the intent to kill it just happened.

Revolution and War

Revolution Notes

1763—Proclamation Act
a border between native Americans and colonist

1764—Grenville Acts (direct tax)
Sugar (molasses, wine)
Stamp
Quartering
Currency
Virtual/ Direct Representation
first taxes set on the colonies(British needs money to pay debts from the seven year war)

1765—Stamp Act Congress
first time the colonies organized them self's against Britain
Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams

Revere

John Hancock

Propaganda
Boycotts
Lobsters (Lobster-backs, Thomas Lobster)

1766—Declaratory Act
erases Grenville acts but Britain has the power to do any thing the want to the colonist

1767—Townsend Acts (indirect tax)
second set of taxes
Charles Townsend
Writs of Assistance (search warrants)
Revenue used to pay Royal officials in the colonies
Tea Act (glass, paper, paint) support British East India Company

1770—Boston Massacre
propaganda event
March 5, 1770
Local reaction (primarily)
5 dead colonists
John Adams defends British soldiers/5 exonerated-2 convicted
Convicted men discharged and thumbs branded

1773—Boston Tea Party


November 30, 1773--Dartmouth sails into Boston Harbor


December 16, 1773--Tea dumped into harbor
340 chests of tea dumped (value of 10,000 British pounds)

1774—Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts in Britain)
about punishing colonist
Close the port of Boston
Shut down Provincial and Town Governments
All offices appointed
Named General Thomas Gage as Governor
Gave all western lands north of the Ohio R. to Quebec, allowed Catholic Church to practice

1774—1st Continental Congress
colonies agree to help each other,
September to October (7 weeks)
Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia
New England—John Adams, Paul Revere, Silas Deane
Virginia—Washington, Patrick Henry, Peyton Randolph, Richard Henry Lee
Pennsylvania—John Dickenson, Joseph Galloway (Plan for American council under Parliament, to avoid war)
New York—John Jay, James Duane
Maryland—Samuel Chase (future Supreme Court Justice), Charles Carroll (richest man in Maryland, Catholic)
Declaration of Rights—rejects Parliamentary authority over internal colonial affairs, colonies manage own defense, united aid to Boston if Intolerable Acts continue, absolute boycott of British goods to be enforced rigidly

1775— January
William Pitt urges Parliament to withdraw troops from America because the idea of managing the colonies through force was “too ridiculous to take up a moment of your lordships’ time”

1775—April 19 Lexington and Concord
Gen. Gage sends 700 men to Concord to seize the powder supplies
Paul Revere and William Dawes raise alarm the night before
Town of Lexington is on the way to Concord
Minutemen are assembled on the town common
“Shot heard round the world”
18 colonials killed and the rest run away
British march on to Concord and find the munitions were moved overnight
Minutemen ambush the British the whole way back to Boston
430 Redcoats make it back to Boston
30,000 Colonists surround Boston

1775—May
Gen. Howe, Gen. Clinton, Gen. Burgoyne
5,000 British troops
Ethan Allen, “Green Mountain Boys” seize Fort Ticonderoga
Henry Knox uses canon to lay siege on Boston
Benedict Arnold (Connecticut) takes Fort Crown Point to impede an invasion from Canada

1775—May 10, 2nd Continental Congress
Sam Adams pushes for Independence
John Dickenson (Penn.) urges restraint
Agree to form Colonial Army
Delegates unanimously agree to Washington as Commander of Continental Army (John Adams suggestion)

1775—June 17, “Battle of Bunker Hill”
Actually fought on Breed’s Hill
Gen. Howe leads assault without canon support (his canon had been matched with wrong-sized cannonballs [Amherst at Ticonderoga])
Militia waited to within 30 yards (some say 15 yards)
Militia target British officers
Militia ran extremely low on ammunition
On the third assault, led by Gen. Howe, British troops overtake the colonial position
Britain losses almost 1000 men (about half the attacking force)
Colonials lose about 500 men

1776—January, Common Sense
Written by Thomas Paine
120,000 copies sold in three months

1776—March
Gen. William Howe evacuates Boston

July 2, lands in Staten Island, New York (Loyalist base)

1776—Declaration of Independence

June 7, Richard Henry Lee (Virginia) introduces legislation to declare independence from Britain
Before voting on Lee’s proposal Congress appoints five-man committee to draft a formal Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson, 33, does most of the writing)

June 28, Declaration presented to Congress

July 2, Congress approves Lee’s legislation to declare the United States of America independent of Great Britain

July 4, Congress officially adopts the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration intended to:
Undermine loyalty to King George III
Outline basic principles of representative government
Establish the “right” of rebellion
War

1776—August, Brooklyn Heights, New York
Washington's first battle almost killed or captured
Largest Naval group Britain will launch until the 20th century
British victory, city falls to England
As winter came “sunshine patriots” left the American Army
Initial colonial enlistments due to expire

1776—December, Battle of Trenton
Howe believes war almost won
1,400 Hessians stationed at Trenton
Colonel Rall (Hessian) builds no fortifications
Washington “Crosses the Delaware” Christmas night
2,500 men; 18 artillery guns
Surprise attack at dawn
106 Hessians killed, 918 captured
No colonial casualties
Washington retreats in secret to avoid Gen. Cornwallis counter-attack

1777—January, Princeton
Washington ambushes British troops
Colonial victory establishes this will not be a quick war for Britain

1777—September-October, Saratoga

Gen. Burgoyne plans a three-prong attack on colonials at Albany
Plan does not consider the terrain, forcing British troops to march through swamps, lakes, hills and forests full of rebels
Two of the three “prongs” never arrive (Howe goes to Philadelphia instead, St. Leger retreats to New York afraid of Benedict Arnold)
Sept. Burgoyne crosses Hudson River
Oct. 17, Burgoyne surrenders
Establishes American Army as real threat
Helps secure open French Alliance
Turning Point of the War

1777-1778—Winter at Valley Forge
lowest point of war
dosen't know french will help
Under-funded troops
Low morale
10,000+ troops
4,000 troops listed as “unfit for duty” due to poor supplies (boots, blankets, coats, etc.)
2,500 troops die of disease (typhus, typhoid fever, dysentery, pneumonia)
George Washington mentioned a lack of shoes so severe that the men's "marches might be tracked by the blood from their feet”
Local farmers would sell produce to Brits who could pay cash

1779—February, Vincennes

1780—August, Camden

1780—October, Kings Mountain

1781—October, Yorktown
British Gen. Cornwallis
American Gen. Washington (also “Mad” Anthony Wayne, Baron von Steuben)
French Gen. Rochambeau (also Marquis de Lafayette)
Essentially a French Naval victory
Last significant battle of the war

1783—Sept. 3, Treaty of Paris
Britain recognizes American independence
America gets all land from Atlantic coast to Miss. River, Great Lakes to Florida
Fishing rights to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and off the coast of Newfoundland
America must pay debts to Britain
American congress would “earnestly recommend” all Loyalist property returned (States ignore this request)

notes

Events Leading to Seven Years' War: (1754-1763)
King Williams War (1689 - 1697)
Fought in Europe
British fail to seize Quebec City
Queen Anne’s War (1702 – 1713)
French destroy Deerfield, Massachusetts
47 French and 200 Indians kill 5 Colonists
109 survivors taken captive – forced to Quebec City
1707 – Scotland joins England and Britain
King George’s War (1744 – 1748)
Most fighting takes place in Caribbean and Georgia
Between Spanish and English
French later join in and British capture part of Nova Scotia
"Seven Years War" is the name for the global conflict between France and England
"French and Indian War" is the name for the fighting just in North America (or the North American Theater of the Seven Years War)
5 Causes of French and Indian War
Disputed land between Appalachian Mts. And Mississippi River (the Ohio Country)
Both British and French want to control fur trade
Roman Catholic French V.S. Protestant English
Fishing Rights in New Foundland
British over-population
1663
35,000--French58,000--English